I see the strongest behavioral evidence for the transition in the suppliers' own strategic actions: all seven thermal‑management firms executed transformation events within an 18‑month window—Eaton acquired Boyd Thermal, Vertiv added multiple coolant‑distribution specialists, Flex acquired JetCool (handles over 3,000 W per device), Modine restructured around its datacenter cooling business, and others built capacity or launched product lines. Operators actually report barriers of standardization (39 %), expense (38 %), reliability concerns (35 %) and maintenance (26 %). NVIDIA’s